By
- Nur Hairunnisa 'E82211042
- Saidatur Rohmah E72211038
a. Understanding of science
Knowledge taken from the English language science, that comes from the Latin scientia of the shape of the verb scire learn, learn. whereas the notion of science as objective and subjective, namely:
1. Objectively speaking, the science that's known; all of the truths that are sure between the one with the opposite systematically.
2. Subjectively, outlined because the science by that we will know: this side refers to the flexibility to draw conclusions during a explicit method of variety of specific information.
Means for understanding human information concerning factor the article or thing that it investigates. in order that science are often interpreted as an endeavor of human understanding that are organized during a single system of reality, the structure, distribution, parts, and also the laws of the happenings that were investigated (natural, human, and religious) that may reach as so much because the plan of assisted sensing the person, whose truth is tested empirically, research, and experimental.
b. The characteristics of science
The perception of science
a. That science is rational, that's the thought method that has got to occur within the science and solely subject to the laws of logic.
b. That science is empirical, which means that the withdrawal of conclusions are often subjected to inspection or verification of the human senses.
c. Science is systematically, that is how it works coherently primarily based on a particular benchmark (methodical) which may be rationally justified, and also the results of the relevant facts during a field that in his study ought to be structured during a consistent roundness.
d. information is general and open, which means that ought to be learned by everybody, thus don't be esoteric (restricted to a specific cluster of people).
e. Science is accumulative, ie, the reality will continually be obtained kind the premise for a replacement truth.
According to The Liang Gie that scientific information incorporates a key feature:
a. Empirical (knowledge obtained by observation and experiment)
b. Systematic (various info and information are organized as a group of science who have a relationship of dependence and regular)
c. Objective (a science that's free from prejudice and private preferences a human)
d. Analytical (scientific information of discrimination a tangle within the detailed section)
e. Verifikatif (can be checked for by anyone)
Apart from the A. G. M. Van Melsen, in Science and Responsibility we have a tendency to (Tr. Kees Bertens, 1995), prompt eight characteristics of a science, among others:
a. Methodically science ought to reach an understanding or a coherent whole. It presupposes the existence of a operating system (method) and additionally a logical arrangement.
b. Science comes with no strings hooked up as a result of it's closely associated with the responsibility of scientists.
c. Science is universal.
d. Objectivity: every object is guided by science and not primarily based on perceived or subjective prejudices.
e. Science should be diverivikasi by all scientific analysis in relation to the relevant science and so science should be intersubjective and may be communicated.
f. Stance forward (progressive): a scientific answer and also the answer should invite new discoveries and will cause several new issues. so science is absolutely dynamic and continually changing.
g. which suggests that any essential theory is often open to criticism primarily based on the likelihood of recent discoveries.
h. Science ought to be used as a manifestation of the interrelationship between theory and apply.
c. Scientific methodology in acquiring information
In this discussion, science additionally has the scientific strategies that may be created as a way to induce the item of its studies (science) a short and logistics, as a result of science itself ought to essentially try to carried on in conjunction with the activity and human behavior itself. Where it's carried on by sure strategies, that gave birth to the science of systematic and objective method. essentially the strategies used to get information tailored to the item of debate and studies, each empirical, radical, systematic and structurally. Understanding the strategy itself may be a procedure that has a spread of thought processes, work patterns, the steps taken, and also the ways in which technical and sensible work to accumulate new information or develop existing ones.
Methods of science that involves vi steps:
- Observation (observation): the gathering and classification of facts
- Formulation of the matter
- assortment and classification of further facts
- Generalization
- Formulation of hypotheses
- Testing and verification.
Meanwhile, in line with Professor Soejono Soemargono scientific methodology divides the 2 varieties of scientific strategies of a general nature and strategies of scientific inquiry.
a. Scientific strategies that are common
This methodology consists of the analysis-synthesis methodology and also the methodology of non-deduction. For the primary methodology may be a combination of strategies of study and synthesis strategies. whereas the non-deduction methodology may be a combination of strategies of deduction with induction.
b. strategies of scientific inquiry
In this methodology of scientific inquiry cycle artifacts empirical methodology and also the methodology of vertical or linear strategies. Empirical cycle methodology may be a method of handling a particular scientific object that's sometimes empirical and also the application happens in an inside place. For vertical or linear strategies usually employed in analysis regarding the items that are revealed in numerous religious aspects of life.
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