science

Understanding of science as objective and subjective

a. Objectively speaking, the science that's known; all of the truths that are sure between the one with the opposite systematically.

b. Subjectively, outlined because the science by that we will know: this facet refers to the flexibility to draw conclusions in a very specific method of variety of specific knowledge.

According to epistemology, all human information is that the results of the magnitude of the contact of 2 types, namely:

a. Objects or examined, investigated, and it had been found (the object).

b. people that perform numerous examinations and investigations and located out concerning issue or thing before (the subject).

Science could be a assortment of information a few sure factor, that could be a systematic unity and supply a scientific rationalization that may be justified by showing the causes of things or events.

Science is information aimed toward reaching the scientific truth a few specific object, that is obtained through an approach or perspective (approach), ways (method), and therefore the specific system. so the information of the thing couldn't be reached directly and therefore the nature of it's special.

The perception of science

a. That science is rational, that's the thought method that has got to happen within the science and solely subject to the laws of logic.

b. That science is empirical, that means that the withdrawal of conclusions is subjected to inspection or verification of the human senses.

c. Science is systematically, that is how it works coherently primarily based on a selected benchmark (methodical) which may be rationally justified, and therefore the results of the relevant facts in a very field that in his study should be ordered in a very consistent roundness.

d. information is general and open, that means that ought to be learned by everybody, therefore don't be esoteric (restricted to a specific cluster of people).

e. Science is accumulative, ie, the reality will perpetually be obtained kind the idea for a replacement truth.

While the characteristics of science in step with The Liang GIE is:

a. Empirical: this information is acquired by expertise, observation, and experiment or experiments.

b. Systematic: a range of information and data gathered as knowledge that incorporates a relationship of dependence and regular.

c. Objective: science should be free from prejudice and interese non-public people.

d. Analytical: scientific information is usually making an attempt to differentiate clearly within the detailed elements of the matter, with the intention that we will see a range of properties, relations, and therefore the role of the elements.

Apart from the A. G. M. Van Melsen, in Science and Responsibility we have a tendency to (Tr. Kees Bertens, 1995), steered eight characteristics of a science, among others:

a. Methodically science ought to reach an understanding or a coherent whole. It presupposes the existence of a operating system (method) and conjointly a logical arrangement.

b. Science comes with no strings hooked up as a result of it's closely associated with the responsibilities of scientists.

c. Science is universal.

d. Objectivity: every object is guided by science and not primarily based on perceived or subjective prejudices.

e. Science should be diverivikasi by all researchers ilmiah involved in relation to science and thus should be inter that sciencie and may be communicated.

f. Stance forward (progressive): a scientific answer and therefore the answer should invite new discoveries and will cause several new issues. so science is de facto dynamic and perpetually changing.

g. which implies that any essential theory is usually open to criticism primarily based on the likelihood of latest discoveries.

h. Science ought to be used as a manifestation of the interrelationship between theory and follow.

The method could be a procedure that features a range of thought processes, work patterns, the steps taken, and therefore the suggests that of technical and sensible work to accumulate new information or develop existing ones.

Methods of science that involves vi steps:

- Observation (observation): the gathering and classification of facts

- Formulation of the matter

- assortment and classification of extra facts

- Generalization

- Formulation of hypotheses

- Testing and verification.

Meanwhile, in step with Professor Soejono Soemargono scientific methodology divides the 2 forms of scientific ways of a general nature and ways of scientific inquiry.

a. Scientific ways that are common

This methodology consists of the analysis-synthesis methodology and therefore the methodology of non-deduction. For the primary methodology could be a combination of ways of study and synthesis ways. whereas the non-deduction methodology could be a combination of ways of deduction with induction.

b. ways of scientific inquiry

In this methodology of scientific inquiry cycle artifacts empirical methodology and therefore the methodology of vertical or linear ways. Empirical cycle methodology could be a method of handling a selected scientific object that's sometimes empirical and therefore the application happens in an internal place. For vertical or linear ways usually utilized in analysis regarding the items that are revealed in numerous religious aspects of life.