Water containing carbonate ions, sulfate, and chloride ions bound to calcium or magnesium, the water is called hard water. When hard water is contained only Ca (HCO 3) 2 or Mg (HCO 3) 2 it can be said that the water has temporary hardness.
If hard water contains salts such as sulfates and chlorides CaSO4, MgSO4, CaCl2, and MgCl2, it can be said that water has a hardness remains. This is due to Ca2 + ions and Mg 2 + can not be lost by heating. To cope with such hard water is necessary to add soda (Na2CO3).
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